In the March/April 2009 issue of Foreign Affairs there's an article by David G. Victor, M. Granger Morgan, Jay Apt, John Steinbruner, and Katherine Ricke called "The Geoengineering Option: A Last Resort Against Global Warming?" The article can be found linked to my title or here. It is a very interesting article, and the author's main concern is that we need some sort of international regime concerning geoengineering before some country goes off on its own and does something disastrous.
One of the problems is that geoengineering solutions to things like global warming are cheap enough, and technically accessible enough, that many countries would be able to apply them. For example, a number of countries would be able to launch a rocket into space to distribute sulfur powder, aluminum powder, or water, in order to increase the albedo of the earth. This would cause more solar energy to be reflected, which would counteract global warming. However, it wouldn't do anything about the acidification of the oceans due to increasing carbon concentrations in the atmosphere, and it might have side affects which would do great damage.
The authors acknowledge that much of the risk of the geoengineering approach is that a single country could undertake such an initiative, without even consulting its neighboring, which all of the measures required to limit and diminish carbon emissions require cooperation among many countries. About the ninth time China and the United States refuse to take effective action to reduce carbon emissions, the Netherlands - which is at real risk from rising sea levels - might be tempted to hire an Ariane from the ESA to put up some protective shield.
In discussing this concept with some of my friends, I find that most of them are really concerned about the unknown unknowns. That someone would undertake a measure which could have really unintended, and unanticipated consequences. After that, there's the concern that one man's meat is another man's poison - that is, a sudden increase in albedo, with consequent cooling, might slow polar ice melting, but it might also cause draughts in the Sahel or flooding in the Rockies.
There are, of course, other large-scale geoengineering projects, besides those aimed directly at global warming. Exploitation of tidal flows, or harnessing the heat of volcanoes might be examples.
However, even if these ambitious measures don't have evil consequences, it would be very easy for the public to perceive them as the causes of any destructive events which followed their implementation. You and I might know that post hoc ergo propter hoc is fallacious reasoning, but to most people it's just common sense. That is, after all, what most common sense is: fallacious reasoning. So I wouldn't want to be in the shoes of the guys who drill a thermal tap into the side of Mt. Rainier a week or so before an eruption wipes out Tacoma.
Glenn A Knight
Monday, October 5, 2009
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2 comments:
Glenn:
You write: "(I)t would be very easy for the public to perceive them as the causes of any destructive events which followed their implementation. You and I might know that post hoc ergo propter hoc is fallacious reasoning, but to most people it's just common sense."
Sounds like an adequate explanation for the current hysteria about supposed man-made global warming.
Regards,
Zabeli
Oh, Agim, don't tell me you're one of those!
I think there are good reasons to question the severity of the effects of climate change over various timelines. That is, whether sealevels will rise two feet in the next hundred years, 20 feet in the next twenty years, or fifty feet in the next two hundred years, is an open question, subject to a lot of research.
But there is no more doubt about the phenomenon of global warming than there is about evolution by means of natural selection - an no sane person doubts that Darwin was right in his basic concept. (See the February 2009 National Geographic for some nice coverage on Darwin himself and his modern, DNA-driven successors.)
The degree to which human activity has contributed to global warming may be in some doubt, but that the phenomenon is strongly correlated with all the carbon that human have pumped into the atmosphere is not.
True, correlation is not proof of causation, but there are only two alternative explanations:
1) Global warming has caused increased carbon in the atmosphere, and
2) Some third force has caused both rising temperatures and increased carbon.
Now, due to feedback loops, there is some evidence that global warming, once it reaches a certain point, does cause additional carbon release. But that's only after things warm up to where the permafrost thaws and so on.
More later.
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